In a first, a scientific conference welcomed paper submissions from any area of science, but with one catch: AI had to do most of the work. Called Agents4Science 2025, the Oct. 22 virtual event focused on the work of artificial intelligence agents — systems that pair large language models with other tools or databases to perform multistep tasks.
From formulating hypotheses to analyzing data and providing the first round of peer reviews, AI agents took the lead. Human reviewers then stepped in to assess the top submissions. In all, 48 papers out of 314 made the cut. Each had to detail how people and AI collaborated on every stage