Last month, three scientists won the Nobel Prize in Physics for their work proving one of the most counterintuitive yet consequential realities of the quantum world. They showed that two entangled quantum particles must be considered a single system—their states inexorably intertwined with each other—even if the particles are separated by great distances. In practice, this phenomenon of “nonlocality” means that the system you have in front of you can be instantaneously affected by something that’s thousands of miles away.
Entanglement and nonlocality enable computer scientists to create uncrackable codes. In a technique known as device-independent quantum key distribution, a pair of particles is entangled and then distributed to two
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